Understanding Cognitive Dysfunction in Senior Pets

At Lonsdale Place Veterinary Clinic, we understand how important it is to support your pet’s health as they age. Cognitive dysfunction in older pets is a condition similar to age-related cognitive decline in humans. It can affect both dogs and cats, often occurring alongside other medical conditions. Identifying cognitive dysfunction requires ruling out underlying health issues through thorough medical and behavioral assessments.

 North Vancouver Vet

Recognizing the Signs: The DISHAA Acronym

The signs of cognitive dysfunction are commonly grouped under the acronym DISHAA:

• Disorientation: Pets may become confused in familiar environments, struggle to recognize people, or approach doors incorrectly.

• Interactions: Changes in social behavior, such as increased clinginess, withdrawal, or irritability.

• Sleep-Wake Cycle Changes: Increased daytime sleeping and nighttime restlessness or pacing.

• House Soiling, Learning, and Memory: Accidents in inappropriate locations, forgetting commands, or difficulty adapting to schedule changes.

• Activity Level Changes: Reduced interest in play, repetitive behaviors (e.g., excessive licking), or aimless wandering.

• Anxiety: Increased fear of new stimuli, phobias (e.g., thunderstorms), or separation anxiety.

 North Vancouver Vet

When Does Cognitive Decline Begin?

Studies show cognitive decline can begin earlier than expected:

• 28% of dogs aged 11-12 exhibit at least one DISHAA symptom, increasing to 68% in dogs aged 15-16.

• 35% of cats aged 11-15 show signs, with the percentage rising to 50% in cats over 15. Early detection is key to slowing disease progression and improving quality of life.

Do Pets Develop Alzheimer’s Disease?

While not identical to human Alzheimer’s, dogs and cats develop similar brain changes, including plaques and lesions. Cognitive dysfunction in pets is progressive and currently irreversible.  North Vancouver Vet

Can Behavior Problems in Senior Pets Be Managed?

Yes, many behavior issues can be addressed. A complete medical and behavioral evaluation is essential to determine the appropriate treatment plan. Managing behavioral conditions often includes:

• Environmental modifications

• Behavior training

• Medication when necessary

For example, if a pet develops increased thirst due to a medical issue, more frequent bathroom breaks or additional litter boxes may be required to prevent accidents.

 North Vancouver Vet

New Insights Into Cognitive Dysfunction

Recent research suggests that oxidative stress and inflammation play a significant role in the progression of cognitive dysfunction in pets. Chronic inflammation in the brain can contribute to neuron damage and loss, worsening cognitive decline. Some emerging therapies aim to reduce inflammation and support brain function through:

• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in fish oil, these essential nutrients help reduce inflammation and support cognitive health.

• MCT (Medium-Chain Triglyceride) Oils: These oils, commonly derived from coconut, provide an alternative energy source for aging brain cells, improving memory and learning in senior pets.

• Brain-Training Activities: Interactive puzzles, scent games, and obedience training can help stimulate mental function and slow cognitive decline.

• Melatonin Supplements: Helpful for pets experiencing sleep-wake disturbances, melatonin can promote restful sleep and reduce nighttime pacing.

 North Vancouver Vet

Treatments to Slow Cognitive Decline

Several treatments aim to slow cognitive dysfunction and improve brain function:

• Medications: Selegiline (Anipryl®) is an approved treatment for cognitive dysfunction in dogs. It enhances neurotransmitter function and may reduce brain cell damage.

• Special Diets: Hill’s Prescription Diet B/D and Purina Pro Plan Bright Mind contain antioxidants and nutrients that support brain health and learning ability.

• Nutraceuticals: Supplements like Denamarin®, Neutricks®, and Senilife® contain compounds that may help protect brain cells, though research is ongoing.

Veterinary researchers continue to explore new therapies, including drugs that improve blood flow to the brain and support neurotransmitter function.

 North Vancouver Vet

Supporting Your Senior Pet’s Well-Being

To help pets live longer, healthier lives:

• Maintain a healthy weight and appropriate diet.

• Provide environmental enrichment through exercise, interactive toys, and new experiences.

• Make home adjustments, such as ramps for furniture, additional litter boxes, or non-slip flooring.

• Offer plenty of opportunities for mental engagement, including gentle training exercises.

 North Vancouver Vet

Ensuring a Comfortable Senior Life

As pets age, they may need:

• More frequent access to bathroom areas.

• Adjustments for vision loss, like extra lighting or scent markers.

• Ramps or steps to reach their favorite spots.

• Continued play and activities they enjoy.

 North Vancouver Vet

By recognizing signs early and providing proper care, pet owners can enhance their senior pet’s quality of life. If you notice any signs of cognitive dysfunction in your pet, consult your veterinarian at Lonsdale Place Veterinary Clinic for guidance on the best course of action.  North Vancouver Vet