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Understanding Addison's Disease in Dogs: A Guide for Pet Owners

Writer's picture: Lonsdale Place Veterinary ClinicLonsdale Place Veterinary Clinic

Lonsdale Place Veterinary Clinic North Vancouver Vet

Addison's disease, also known as hypoadrenocorticism, is a health condition that can impact a dog's quality of life if left untreated. This condition stems from an issue with the adrenal glands, which are essential for hormone production. These hormones regulate many of the body’s vital functions, including stress response and electrolyte balance. Understanding Addison's disease, from its causes and symptoms to treatment options, can help pet owners recognize early signs and seek appropriate care. At Lonsdale Place Veterinary Clinic, we’re here to guide you in managing this condition so that your dog can continue to lead a happy and healthy life. North Vancouver Vet


What is Addison's Disease?

Addison's disease, scientifically known as hypoadrenocorticism, occurs when the adrenal glands produce insufficient hormones. These glands play a critical role in your dog’s health by supporting various essential functions, so their impairment can lead to significant health issues. North Vancouver Vet


The Role of Adrenal Glands

Adrenal glands are two small glands located near the kidneys. Each gland has an outer layer, called the cortex, and an inner layer, the medulla. Together, they produce hormones like cortisol, which helps the body manage stress, and aldosterone, which regulates sodium and potassium levels. These hormones are essential to maintain proper fluid balance and overall stability in the body. North Vancouver Vet


What Causes Addison's Disease?

Addison’s disease in dogs often results from an immune-mediated process that damages the adrenal glands. Less commonly, trauma, infections, or certain cancers may cause the disease. Addison’s can also arise after treatment for Cushing’s disease, another adrenal condition where too many hormones are produced. If medication used to control Cushing’s disease is too potent, it may inadvertently suppress adrenal function, leading to a deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone. North Vancouver Vet


A secondary type of Addison’s disease can be triggered by issues with the pituitary gland in the brain, a vital hormone regulator. Additionally, if a dog on long-term steroids stops them abruptly, temporary Addison’s symptoms, or iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism, may result. Certain breeds, including Portuguese Water Dogs, Standard Poodles, Labrador Retrievers, and Great Danes, are more prone to this condition. North Vancouver Vet

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Recognizing Symptoms of Addison's Disease

Signs of Addison's disease can be subtle and may include lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting, increased thirst and urination, and unexpected weight loss. Dogs might also experience intermittent tremors. These symptoms often come and go and may improve temporarily with fluids or corticosteroids, though they typically recur. If your dog shows these symptoms, particularly if they’re recurring, Addison's disease could be a possible cause. North Vancouver Vet


Addisonian Crisis: An Emergency

In severe cases, a sudden worsening of symptoms, including severe vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, or collapse, may indicate an Addisonian crisis, a life-threatening situation that requires immediate veterinary attention. North Vancouver Vet


Diagnosing Addison's Disease

Diagnosis involves evaluating your dog’s medical history, symptoms, and blood and urine tests, often focusing on electrolyte imbalances. The ACTH stimulation test, which measures cortisol levels before and after a synthetic ACTH injection, is the gold standard for confirming Addison’s disease. Other tests, such as X-rays, ECG, or ultrasounds, may help rule out other conditions. North Vancouver Vet


Treatment Options for Addison’s Disease

Most dogs with Addison's disease can be successfully managed with medication. Desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) is an injectable treatment given every 3–4 weeks, depending on the dog's needs. This medication restores aldosterone, often supplemented by a glucocorticoid pill for full hormonal support. In some cases, an oral medication like fludrocortisone may be used instead. With guidance from your veterinarian, some owners can even administer DOCP injections at home.

With proper treatment, most dogs with Addison's disease can enjoy a normal, active lifestyle. Your veterinarian will help determine the best management plan for your pet. North Vancouver Vet

Prognosis

The prognosis for dogs with Addison's disease is generally positive, and most can lead happy, healthy lives. Once stabilized, most pets have an excellent outlook with ongoing medication and routine monitoring.

If you have concerns or questions about Addison’s disease, please contact us at Lonsdale Place Veterinary Clinic. Our team is here to support your pet’s health and provide expert care every step of the way. North Vancouver Vet





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